Evergreen Valley College Toddler Development Guideline Questions

1.Imagine two 12-month-olds, each sitting down for a snack at their home. In one home, a caregiver places pieces of cucumber on a plate for the child to pick up and eat. The other child is fed pieces of pear by the caregiver, using a spoon. In which aspect of caregiving do these two experiences differ?

A.Sensitive caregiving

B.Material caregiving

C.Social caregiving

D.Nurturant caregiving

2. Which of the following was NOT a component of the Carolina Abecedarian Preschool program?

A.Tutoring in math and reading through 8th grade, for some participants.

B.Well-qualified teachers leading the early childhood classrooms.

C.Five years of high quality care for treatment group families.

D.Support for program involvement, for parents from low-income families.

3. Which of the following was a key finding of the Carolina Abecedarian study?

A.Participants in the high quality preschool program tended to score higher than those in the preschool control group, on later math and reading tests.

B.The program significantly reduced the chance that participating infants would be born preterm and with a low birth weight.

C.Participants in the Kindergarten through 2nd grade support program tended to score higher than those in the K-2 control group on standardized math and reading tests.

D.The program significantly increased participating children’s scores on tests of early motor development.

4. In a toddler classroom, several books are available in multiple languages, for children to flip through and read with caregivers. Often, children can be seen sitting on teachers’ laps, reading the books and talking about the pictures and stories. Which of the following is an Early Childhood Program Effectiveness Factor this is most closely related to this description?

A.Having a high score on “Activities” on the ITERS assessment.

B.Having a high adult-child ratios (i.e., each teacher works with a small number of children)

C.Providing a language-rich environment

D.Providing a safe physical setting

5. Which of these caregiver behaviors is the best example of extradidactic caregiving?

A.An adult watches carefully while a group of toddlers play in a sandbox.

B.A caregiver soothes a tired infant by holding and rocking the infant.

C.A caregiver encourages an infant to look at a caterpillar crawling on a leaf.

D.A caregiver smiles at, and imitates an infant, within a face-to-face interaction.

6. Which of the following factors is NOT assessed when rating the quality of center-based care using the ITERS?

A.Caregivers’ use of language and books.

B.Children’s pre-academic skills.

C.Activities available for the children.

D.Classroom space and furnishing.

7. In a study of infant shape processing, 6-month-old infants were shown pictures of shapes on a screen. First, pictures of squares were displayed multiple times, until the infant’s looking times decreased by 50%. Then, a new shape, a circle, was displayed on the screen, and infant looking time was again noted. This study uses a:

Group of answer choices

A.Habituation procedure.

B.Perceptual looking procedure.

C.Preferential looking procedure.

D.Systematic observation in a Naturalistic context

8. For a study, a researcher visited childcare centers during regular business days. The visits took place in the morning or in the afternoon, and had a duration of at least 2 hours. Caregivers and infants were observed during lunch and free play to assess early peer relationships and friendships. Based on this description, the researchers are using an ________________ procedure in a ________________setting.

Group of answer choices

A.observational…. standardized

B.infant-specific…. standardized

C.infant-specific…. naturalistic

D.observational…. naturalistic

9. Based on our discussion of culture, families who tend to emphasize individualism may be more likely encourage children to select a toy that they want to play with, on their own. This caregiving practice may reflect ______________ of encouraging ______________.

Group of answer choices

A.the essentialism….independence

B.a socialization goal…. group belongingness

C.a socialization goal….independence

D.the essentialism….group belongingness

10. An infant is sitting in a high chair in her early childhood classroom, playing with a soft doll. She puts the doll’s cheek in her mouth, possibly giving the doll a “kiss.” She moves the doll from one hand to the other. She holds the doll up to her infant teacher and says “bababa.” Use one of the Guiding Principles of infant/toddler development to discuss the child’s behavior.

Short answer:

11. Carlos is a typically developing 14-month-old, growing up in a Spanish-English bilingual home. His grandmother is concerned that Carlos might develop a language delay, because he has to figure out two languages. She asks for your input. How would you address her concern, based on the findings about vocabulary, from Hoff and colleagues’ (2012) study, discussed in class?

Short answer:

12. Describe the “Acknowledge” step in the “Acknowledge, Ask, Adapt” approach to creating culturally responsive caregiving practices. Use an example in your response that highlights cultural responsiveness.

13. In a toddler classroom, the children all take a nap after having lunch and washing their hands. The children sleep on safe sleeping cots spread around the room, which is kept quiet, with the lights off. An 18-month-old is having trouble falling asleep at naptime. His mother tells the teacher that he is probably having trouble because naptime is too different at school compared to at home. What questions might the teacher Ask the parent, as part of a culturally sensitive response to the situation? Include at least two questions in your response.

14. A father notices that his toddler son, Jorge, gets very upset (crying loudly, stomping his feet) when he is asked to stop playing and get ready to leave the house. Use and explain two terms related to temperament to describe Jorge’s pattern of behavior.

15. Describe a strategy an ECE program can use to enhance home language and culture presence at the program. Then, reflect on what the staff members should think about, when deciding how to put this strategy into practice.