Bowie State University Human Relations and Organizational Behavior Discussion

Frederick Taylor was one of the first writers to address work motivation.He developed a method for structuring jobs that he called scientific management.Taylor assumed that employees are economically motivated and work to earn as much money as they can.

1. Discuss the traditional, human relations, and human resource approach. Do you agree/disagree with any of the approaches? Explain

What drives a person in an organization (money, power, challenge) which plays an instrumental role in determining their motivation to work. What motivates you? Explain

1. Discuss and describe the following:

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,
2. The ERG theory,
3. The Two-Factor theory,
4. The Acquired Needs Framework
5. The Equity Theory of Motivation
6. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Frederick Traylor was a proponent for job specialization. He believed that jobs should be broken down into small components/tasks. This viewpoint grew from the writings of a Scottish economist, Adam Smith. Managers initially developed two alternative approaches, job rotation and job enlargement. These approaches along with job enrichment.

3. Explain and discuss what job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment entail.

4. Discuss the various flexible work arrangements? Discuss the pros and cons to them (if any).

Performance appraisals is an evaluation process communicating an employees performance based on a standard set by the organization. However, it can be challenging to enforce US standards and practices in other countries that have dissimilar cultures. Performance management may need to be modified in various global settings that are different from the U.S.

5. What is the difference between performance management and performance appraisal?

There are challenges to compensation packages for organizations. An economic recession and looking at what we are currently experiencing, a pandemic. This may include reducing the size of staff, frequency in which pay raises are given, downsizing, and rightsizing. Another challenge is gender pay gaps. According to our readings, there is a persistent pay gap between man and women in the workplace. In addition, according to Workplace & Economic Equity, black women were paid 61% of what non-Hispanic when men were paid in 2018. In essence, that means that it takes a Black woman 19 months to be paid what the average white man is paid in 12 months.

Benefits can be used to create a competitive edge in hiring and retaining employees. However, it often a missed opportunity by organizations. A HRM survey found that 25% of employers focus on benefits to recruit workers and only 20% use them to retain the current workers. As jobs become more flexible and varied, both workers and employers recognize that choices among benefits are necessary in order to be competitive and retain employees.

6. Read the article below and provide a 3-4 paragraph summary of the article.

https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/benefits/pages/alter-benefits-attract-retain.aspx

7. Discuss the various types of rewards. Which is most appealing to you and why?