Cuyamaca College Phylum Porifera and Survey of Invertebrates Lab Report

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Lab Report Instructions

Submit a PDF of the video questions and the following completed lab manual pages:

1. Video questions from this module
2. Survey of Invertebrates Table (p. 99)
3. Invertebrate cladogram/phylogenetic tree (p. 100)
4. Dissection of crayfish (p. 105)

You are ready to submit your work!

Introduction

SURVEY OF INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY

This lab is intended to help familiarize you with some of the representatives of the animal kingdom. The group of invertebrates is rich with diversity of varied and interesting members. Invertebrate animals have the following characteristics: they are multicellular and lack a backbone; they move by contractile fibers; and they are heterotrophic.

Some criteria used for classifying animals are as follows:

1. Level of organization — tissues, organs, and organ systems. Muscle is an example of a tissue, the heart is an organ, and heart plus arteries and veins constitute a system. Primitive animals have only tissues; more advanced animals have organ systems.
2. Body symmetry
   • Asymmetric means no symmetry
   • Radial symmetry means that the animals have a circular body, with a central axis
   • Bilateral symmetry means that one cut through the midpoint gives two mirror image halves, a right side and a left side.
   • Watch the following short video on the science of symmetry:
3. Body Plan
   • A sac body plan is one in which the mouth is used for transporting nutrients and wastes
   • A tube-within-a-tube body is one in which the animal has a mouth and an anus, and digestion occurs along the digestive canal.
4. Segmentation — the body has repeating parts. An animal can be non-segmented or segmented. Do humans exhibit evidence for segmentation?

As you examine the various invertebrate animals in the laboratory, answer these questions: What kind of organization, symmetry, and body plan does the animal have? Does it have segmentation? – to answer this question, fill out the table and cladogram on p. 99-100.

Survey of Invertebrates

Follow along with your lab manual (starting p. 98), and complete the Virtual Invertebrate Lab Survey:

• Learn about the characteristics of invertebrate animals
• Review the criteria of characteristics that are used for classifying invertebrate animals and give examples with different characteristics (examples of sac, tube within a tube, radial, bilateral etc.)
• Recognize the major phyla of invertebrates from display specimens and descriptions
• Watch the dissection videos below. Recognize major structures of dissected invertebrates: Annelids (earthworms), Arthropods (crayfish), and Echinodermata (Sea Stars)

Watch the following three short videos about sponges, insects, and the octopus and then answer the questions below.

Video questions

1. What phylum do sponges belong to? Insects? Octopuses?
2. How do sponges feed and what do they eat?
3. What are the two main reasons insects are so abundant?
4. Why is the small size of insects a benefit?
5. Where are most neurons found in an octopus?

Dissection Videos

1. Phylum Annelida – the earthworm dissection (Links to an external site.) (p. 101)
2. Phylum Arthropoda –the crayfish dissection part 1 (Links to an external site.) ; the crayfish dissection part 2 (Links to an external site.) (p. 105)
3. Phylum Echinodermata –the sea star dissection part 1 (Links to an external site.); the sea star dissection part 2 (Links to an external site.) (p. 107)

Virtual Invertebrate Lab Survey PDF (click here) download

• Be sure to click on the link-enabled videos in the PDF
• Fill out your lab manual as you work, especially pages 99-100