University of Nairobi Oil and Gas Companies Construction Risks Discussion

Please read the journal article Risk response techniques employed currently for major projects and full answer the following questions:

Authors compare Construction Vs. Oil & Gas Industrys approach to risk response in the paper. What are the major differences between these industries approach to risk response according to this paper?
What the four methods of Risk Response as discussed in the paper? Which one is the most popular method overall?
Authors cite a literature by Flanagan and Norman (1993) that proposes a framework to decide which risk response method to use. For highly likely risk and Moderate Severity risk, which risk response method, according to the framework, is appropriate? What about when likelihood of risk is rare, but its severity is disastrous?
What are the four activities identified as risk reduction techniques in the paper?
In the last paragraph of page 209, paper reveals that Although (c), the bonus system, has had some limited success, clearly punitive methods (d) and (b) are identified as unsuccessful. What are these bonus systems and punitive systems in construction safety? Why do you think bonus system works better than punitive system in enhancing safety of a company/project?

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